Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a progressive eye disease that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. This condition can lead to blurry or distorted central vision, making it difficult to read, drive, or recognize faces. AMD is one of the leading causes of vision loss in adults over 50, and early detection is critical to managing its progression. At Eye Care Specialists of Michigan, we use advanced imaging technology to diagnose and monitor macular degeneration and offer personalized care plans to help preserve your vision and quality of life.
Who is at Risk for Macular Degeneration?
Several factors can increase your risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) including:
Age 50 and older
Family history of AMD
Smoking
High Blood Pressure or Cardiovascular Disease
Prolonged UV Exposure
Poor Diet Low in Antioxidants and Leafy Greens
Obesity or Sedentary Lifestyle
Regular eye exams are key to early detection, especially if you have one or more of these risk factors.
Contact us today to schedule your eye exam!
Types of Macular Degeneration
Dry Macular Degeneration
Dry macular degeneration is the most common form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and progresses slowly over time. It occurs when the light-sensitive cells in the macula gradually break down, leading to blurred or distorted central vision. A key sign of dry AMD is the presence of drusen, which are yellow deposits that form under the retina. While there is currently no cure, early detection, a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, and regular monitoring by an eye care specialist can help slow progression and preserve vision for as long as possible.
Wet Macular Degeneration
Wet macular degeneration is a less common but more aggressive form of AMD that can lead to rapid and severe vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak blood or fluid, causing scarring and damage to the macula. Symptoms often include sudden blurry or wavy vision and dark spots in the central field of vision. Early diagnosis is critical, as anti-VEGF injections and other advanced treatments can help stop further damage and, in some cases, improve vision. Regular retinal exams are essential for managing wet AMD effectively.
Macular Degeneration Symptoms
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- Blurred or fuzzy central vision
- Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
- Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted (metamorphopsia)
- Dark or empty spots in the center of vision
- Reduced brightness or color intensity
The presence of drusen, which are tiny yellow deposits in the retina, is one of the most common early signs of age-related macular degeneration. It may mean the eye is at risk for developing more severe age-related macular degeneration. These will be visible to your doctor during an eye exam.
The symptoms of age-related macular degeneration may look like other eye conditions. Speak with our eye care professionals for an official diagnosis.
How is Macular Degeneration Diagnosed?
Macular degeneration is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam using advanced imaging and diagnostic tools. During the exam, your eye doctor will perform a visual acuity test to assess clarity of vision and use an Amsler grid to detect any distortion in your central vision. Dilated eye exams allow for a detailed view of the macula and retina, helping to identify signs of drusen, pigment changes, or abnormal blood vessel growth.
Additional tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography may be used to capture cross-sectional images of the retina and identify fluid or leakage under the macula. Early detection of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is essential to slow its progression and protect your vision.
Treatment
While there is currently no cure for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), there are several treatment options available to help slow its progression and manage vision loss. Treatment will vary depending on whether you have dry or wet macular degeneration. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are key to managing macular degeneration and preserving your central vision.
Dry Macular Degeneration Treatment
Treatment for dry AMD focuses on slowing the progression of the disease and preserving existing vision. Key options include:
- AREDS2 vitamin supplements, which contain antioxidants and zinc, have been shown to reduce the risk of vision loss in intermediate to advanced stages.
- Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet rich in leafy greens and omega-3s, managing blood pressure, and protecting your eyes from UV exposure, can also support eye health.
- Regular monitoring with an Amsler grid at home and comprehensive eye exams with your eye care specialist help track any changes in vision.
Wet Macular Degeneration Treatment
Wet AMD progresses more rapidly and requires immediate treatment to prevent severe vision loss. Options include:
- Anti-VEGF injections (such as Avastin, Eylea, or Lucentis) are the most common and effective treatment. These medications reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels and help stop leakage under the retina.
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a laser-based treatment combined with a light-sensitive drug, may be used in certain cases to seal leaking vessels.
- Laser photocoagulation, though less commonly used today, can also be effective in some types of wet AMD.